About Simulation
Background
Simulation is a technique, not a technology, used to artificially mimic real world domains in order to meet specific learning objectives. Simulation occurs at varying levels of fidelity, or the precision to which the simulation is able to accurately reproduce a life-like environment. There are low fidelity, moderate fidelity, and high fidelity simulation techniques. Simulation encompasses a broad range of techniques from electronic data management (information system) through the use of human standardized patients.
Levels of Fidelity
Low-Fidelity Simulation (LFS) is a type of simulation that allows practitioners to practice designated skill sets in isolation. This level of fidelity is typically recognized as static and lacking the detail of living environments. While useful in introducing and practicing psychomotor skills, LFS lacks the realism and situational context that fosters the translation of learning into real-life situations. Examples may include foam pads and oranges for the purpose of learning to give intramuscular injections.
Moderate-Fidelity Simulation (MFS) is a type of simulation that offers more realism than that of static manikins. This greater level of fidelity often incorporates some level of technological innovation that enables moderate levels of simulation fidelity to mimic things such as heart sounds, breath sounds, and pulses. Although MFS replicates reality to a higher level than LFS, response fidelity is limited.
High-Fidelity Simulation (HFS) is a type of simulation that closely mimics reality by providing cosmetic fidelity, or a realistic outward appearance, as well as response fidelity, or the ability to simulate actual patient responses to interventions. These simulators actually breathe, talk, have eye movements, palpable pulses, and other features that resemble physiologic reality and are computer driven. Examples of HFS include Human Patient Simulators such as those produced by Laerdal TM & MetiTM. An example is Sim-Man.
